Transnational NGOs between Popular Uprising and Authoritarian Regime: Developments in Egypt

Scholars differentiate the concepts of internationalism and transnationalism. While the first refers to the connectivity between macro institutions such as states, multinational corporations and other institutionalized actors within and beyond national boundaries, the second term emphasizes public movements, organizations and communities engaged in de-territorialized socio‐cultural, political and economic activities. This paper focuses on the role of transnational NGOs (TNGOs) in recent developments in Egypt. The current scholarly debate on the so‐called “Arab spring” considers the mobilization of disempowered youth, intense media-tech application and sustained international pressure as crucial to ousting authoritarian regimes in North Africa. Delineating the role of TNGOs complements such findings. TNGO activities and responses to the Egyptian uprising in 2011 and to the ensuing coup in 2013 reveal the capability of such organizations to balance civic transformational oriented mobilizations with state centred institutional considerations. Furthermore though TNGOs cannot directly change the current political stalemate in Egypt, the power elite might misinterpret the changing and sometimes contradictory positions of these organizations and might eventually encourage the return to authoritarianism. After introductory remarks on the background of the uprising, the paper proceeds to theoretical discussion of transnational engagement followed by recent historical and current empirical developments

Estimando o threshold de detecção para defeitos da bebida de café.

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The effect of instant arabica coffee on the viability of lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacterium bifidum in a probiotic, lacto-free dessert.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade de bactérias probióticas Bifidobacterium bifidum subsp. lactis e Lactobacillus acidophilus em uma sobremesa sem lactose, à base de extrato de soja, com diferentes concentrações de café (0 a 1,5%), armazenada a 7 [graus] C. Quatro formulações produzidas foram avaliadas quanto ao pH, acidez e contagem das bactérias probióticas após 0, 7, 14 e 21 dias de armazenamento. Nem o tempo, nem o teor de café influenciaram significativamente o teor de ácido lático e o pH das amostras estudadas. De acordo com a ANVISA, para que o produto possa ser considerado probiótico, a contagem total de cada cepa por porção (100g) deve ser igual ou superior a 10 [elevado a 8]. No presente estudo, este valor foi observado para L.acidophilus até 21 dias, e para B.bifidum até 7 dias de armazenamento, ambos sem interferência do teor ou percentual de café.Food: the tree that sustains life. 1636

Conivaptan and its role in the treatment of hyponatremia

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The recognition of the central role that arginin vasopressin plays in the pathogenesis of hyponatremia and the discovery that its actions are mediated by stimulation of V1A and V2 receptors have led to the development of a new class of drugs, the arginin vasopressin antagonists. Conivaptan is a nonselective V1A and V2 receptors antagonist that was the first of this class to be approved by the FDA for the management of euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. Its short-term safety and efficacy for the correction of hyponatremia have been established by multiple double-blind, randomized, controlled studies. Blocking the effects of arginin vasopressin on V2 receptors produces aquaresis – the electrolyte-sparing excretion of water – an ideal approach to correct hypervolemic hyponatremia. The nonselectivity of conivaptan offers a theoretical advantage for its use in heart failure that may merit further exploration

Pensar el Estado y la sociedad : desafíos actuales

Las reflexiones contenidas en esta coedición deben contribuir a restablecer la imprescindible relación entre conocimientos y experiencias, entre teoría y práctica, que demandan los procesos emancipatorios nacionales y latinoamericanos en la transición que vivimos. Ésta como dice Boaventura deberá moverse en el experimentalismo propio que demandan circunstancias de incertidumbre y de ausencia de recetas de futuro, pero cuyo carácter debería ser la multiplicación de formas de deliberación democrática como garantía para remontar el riesgo de su fractura y revisión.Presentación 7 1. Reinventando la emancipación social 13 2. Debate sobre la universidad del siglo XXI 37 3. Los desafíos de las ciencias sociales hoy 101 4. ¿Estamos condenados a ser gobernados? 121 Conversatorio sobre universidad popular para los movimientos sociales 5. La reinvencion del Estado y el Estado plurinacional 13